During pregnancy and labor, healthcare providers assess fetal well-being using the following approaches:

1. In vitro monitoring technology 

Monitoring by auscultation 

During routine prenatal examinations, doctors use a fetoscope or Doppler ultrasound device for intermittent monitoring

Applicable to routine monitoring of low-risk pregnancies 

Electronic fetal heart monitoring

(1) Non-stress test (NST) 

Implemented after 32 weeks of pregnancy, recording heart rate acceleration during fetal movement for 20 minutes

Using abdominal strap sensors for continuous monitoring

(2) Labor monitoring

Fix the sensor with an adjustable abdominal strap

Real-time tracking of the impact of uterine contractions on fetal heart rate

When abnormalities occur, prompts that emergency treatment is required

Doppler ultrasound monitoring

Working principle: Ultrasound probe captures fetal movement sound wave signals

Clinical application:

Routine prenatal examinations first fetal heart listening (can be detected by medical ultrasound equipment before 12 weeks of pregnancy) 

It is recommended that professional testing start after 13 weeks of pregnancy

Precautions for home use equipment:

The product is marked as being able to be tested as early as 8-12 weeks

Professionals recommend that it be used with caution before 16 weeks

Professional guidance is required before use

2. In-vivo monitoring technology

Implementation conditions:

The fetal membrane has ruptured

The cervix is fully dilated

Operation method:

Insert the spiral electrode through the cervix

Fix directly on the fetal scalp

Advantages: More accurate than in-vitro monitoring data

****Special tips: 

It is not recommended to use monitoring equipment by yourself in early pregnancy (<12 weeks)

Any home device should be consulted with a professional physician before use

In-vivo monitoring requires strict aseptic operation and is only applicable to specific stages of labor 

(The choice of monitoring method should be determined by the professional medical team based on the individual pregnancy situation and labor progress)

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